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Pâtes aux œufs et aux légumes. Nouilles, macaronis. Ferrari, Opéra, Paris / L. Cappiello.

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Pâtes aux œufs et aux légumes. Nouilles, macaronis. Ferrari, Opéra, Paris / L. Cappiello.

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Summary

Poster for noodles and pasta, showing a number of celebrities, each identified, some holding packages of the product.

Names, left to right: Mounet-Sully; Lavallière; Baron; Jane Hading; Coquelin Aine; Réjane; Brasseur; Le Bargy; Granier; Guitry; Coquelin Cadet; Brandés.
Exhibited: "Toulouse-Lautrec and the Posters of Paris" at the Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI, June 1 - September 9, 2012.

Vintage Advertising Posters

Prior to the introduction of lithography, primary poster printing techniques included the Wood Block technique and the Intaglio technique. Lithography was invented by Alois Senefelder in Germany in 1796, but not utilized until the mid-to-late 1800s until the introduction of “Cheret’s three stone lithographic process.” Three stones were used to create vibrant posters with intense color and texture. The stones used were typically red, yellow or blue, which enabled the artist to produce a poster featuring both graphics and text using any color of the rainbow. The main challenge was to keep the images aligned. This method lent itself to images consisting of large areas of flat color and resulted in the characteristic poster designs of this period. The first “Art Nouveau” poster was made by Chezch artist Alphonse Mucha who worked in Paris. Art Nouveau and Belle Epoque dominated Paris until about 1901. In 1898, a new artist took Paris by storm, who would later be donned the father of modern advertising – Leonetto Cappiello.

After the Paris exposition of 1889, France gloried in her triumph. The time between the expositions of 1889 and 1900 was an era of economic prosperity. When Germans announced they want to hold the next world expo, French politicians, industrialists, and intellectuals realized that the country which hosted the exposition at the threshold of the new century "will define the philosophy and express the synthesis of the 19th century." Participating nations architects were given complete freedom to construct their national pavilions in any style, and display whatever they wished therein. The sole limit was the space assigned to each. The buildings of the 1900 exposition fall into two distinct categories, each representing an essential element of the spirit of 1900: Traditionalist 19th century-styled and Art Nouveau - the new style appropriate to the twentieth century. The pavilion to symbolize the new era was the Palace of Electricity. Many expositions gave visitors an illusory trip to remote lands. The Trans-Siberian was a simulated Peking to Moscow railway and "Tour of the World," located at the base of the Eiffel Tower featured moving canvas of the sights and people throughout the world. More than 83,000 exhibitors and attendance of 51 million visitors made it the largest of any exposition. The 127 congresses had attracted over 80,000 participants. The Gare d'Orsay railroad station (now the Musée d'Orsay), and two of original entrances of Paris Métro stations by Hector Guimard., and the Pont d’Alexandre, the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais opened with the exposition. The exposition Universelle of 1900 was the last of its kind held in France.

Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was the firstborn child of Alphonse Charles Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (1838–1913) and his wife Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930). The last part of his name means he was a member of an aristocratic family (descendants of the Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec and the Viscounts of Montfa, a village and commune of the Tarn department of southern France, close to the cities of Castres and Toulouse). If Henri had outlived his father, he would have been accorded the family title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec. Toulouse-Lautrec's parents, the Comte and Comtesse, were first cousins (his grandmothers were sisters), and his congenital health conditions were attributed to a family history of inbreeding. At the age of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec went to live with his mother in Paris (his parents separated), where he drew sketches and caricatures in his exercise workbooks. A friend of his father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal lessons. At the age of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, and at 14, he fractured his left femur. His legs ceased to grow, so that as an adult he was extremely short (1.42 m or 4 ft 8 in). He developed an adult-sized torso while retaining his child-sized legs. Additionally, he is reported to have had hypertrophied genitals. Unable to participate in activities enjoyed by boys his age, Toulouse-Lautrec immersed himself in art. He became a prominent Post-Impressionist painter, art nouveau illustrator, and lithographer, and, through his works, recorded many details of the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle in Paris. In addition to growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec was fascinated by the lifestyle of the "urban underclass" and prostitutes, incorporating their characters into his paintings. He created about a hundred drawings and fifty paintings inspired by the life of these women. When the Moulin Rouge cabaret opened in 1889, Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce a series of posters. Other artists looked down on the work, but he ignored them. The cabaret reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings. His family members were Anglophiles, he traveled to London, where he was commissioned by the J. & E. Bella company to make a poster advertising their paper confetti and the bicycle advert La Chaîne Simpson. While in London, he met and befriended Oscar Wilde and became a vocal supporter of him when Wilde faced imprisonment in Britain. On 9 September 1901, at the age of 36, he died from complications due to alcoholism and syphilis at his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois. He is buried in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde. The Earthquake cocktail (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed to Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture containing half absinthe and half cognac in a wine goblet. A collection of his favorite recipes – some original, some adapted – was posthumously published by his friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art de la Cuisine. The book was republished in English translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine.

date_range

Date

01/01/1901
person

Contributors

Cappiello, Leonetto, 1875-1942, artist
place

Location

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Source

Library of Congress
copyright

Copyright info

No known restrictions on publication in the U.S. Use elsewhere may be restricted by other countries' laws. For general information see "Copyright and Other Restrictions..." http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/195_copr.html

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